THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)- DEFINITION, COMPONENTS OF CPU- CONTROL UNIT (CU), ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT (ALU), REGISTERS AND FUNCTIONS (SS1)

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 THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

DEFINITION, COMPONENTS OF CPU- CONTROL UNIT (CU), ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT (ALU), REGISTERS AND  FUNCTIONS

DEFINITION OF THE CPU


The Central Processing Unit (CPU) also known as the microchip or the microprocessor (or processor for short) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program. This is the brain or heart of the computer. The main objective of the CPU is to perform mathematical calculations on binary numbers. Most modern CPUs are microprocessors, meaning they are contained on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip. Some computers employ a multi-core processor, which is a single chip containing two or more CPUs called "cores".

COMPONENTS OF CPU

The major components of the CPU are:

1. Control Units (CU)

2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

  • 3. Registers.
  • 4. Cache.
  • 5. Clock.

1. Control Unit (CU): This handles all processor control signals. It directs all input and output flow, fetches code for instructions from microprograms and directs other units and models by providing control and timing signals. A CU component is considered the processor brain because it issues orders to just about everything and ensures correct instruction execution.

2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The ALU performs basic arithmetic and logic operations. Examples of arithmetic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Examples of logic operations are comparisons of values such as NOT, AND, and OR.

3. Registers: Registers are a type of computer memory used to quickly accept, store, and transfer data and instructions that are being used immediately by the CPU.

  • 4. Cache: This is a high-speed access area that's a reserved section of main memory or an area on the storage device.

  • 5. Clock: The clock speed measures the number of cycles your CPU executes per second, measured in GHz (gigahertz). In this case, a “cycle” is the basic unit that measures a CPU's speed.

Class Activities
1. Define the CPU
2. List and explain any three (3) components of the CPU

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