HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE_ SS3 NOTES

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  High Level Language (HLL)

 Definition – Modes of Translation – Classification of High Level languages- Advantages of HLL & ML (Machine Language)



Definition of Terms
Program: A computer program is a sequence of related instruction (command) that tell the computer how to accomplish a specific task.


*Computer language: Computer language is a language used by, or associated with the computer.

*Syntax Syntax are set of rules governing how the words in the language are written.
*Semantics These are the meaning associated with each word in a particular language. Markup languages like HTML are generally not regarded as programming languages, but they are computer language.
*High Level Language: These are programming languages that allow for programs to be written in forms that are readable to human beings. A high level language is a programming language that, in comparison to low level programming languages, may be more abstract, easier to use, or more portable across platform.

Example of High Level Languages
PASCAL
BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
C ++
Java
FORTRAN (Formula Translation)
COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)
PROLOG
ALGOL (Algorithmic language)
APL (A Programming Language)
RPG (Report Program Generator)
Python

Classification of High Level Language
High Level Language According to Use
a. Scientific: These languages are oriented towards the computational procedures for solving mathematical and statistical problem. Examples are BASIC, FOTRAN. ALGOL, APL.
b. Business Data Processing: These languages emphasize their capabilities for maintaining data processing procedures and files handling problems. Examples are COBOL and Prolog.
c. Object Oriented Programming Language: In OOP, the computer program is divided into objects. Examples: C++ and Java
d. General purpose: They are used for general purpose programming. Examples are: C, PASCAL and PL/I (Programming Language, Version I)
e. Special purpose programming language: This language had a specific purpose for which they are developed. Examples: SNOBOL (String-Oriented Symbolic Language)
f. Visual programming language: These are designed to for building window-based applications. Examples are: Visual Basic, Visual Java and Visual C
g. Artificial intelligence. These programming languages are designed to mimic human intelligence. Examples: Lisp (List processing) and Prolog (program Logic)

High Level Languages according to mode of execution
a. Interpreted
Interpreted languages are read and are executed directly with no compilation stage. E.g. BASIC, ASP, Lisp and Logo
b. Compiled Language
Compiled languages are transformed into executable form before running. E.g. PASCAL, COBOL, C, and FORTRAN

High Level Language

Features

FORTRAN

1. Ideal for scientific application
2. Uses mathematical notation

COBOL

1. Ideal for business application
2. English like

BASIC

1. Interactive
2. Easy to learn
3. Uses mathematical notation

Pascal

1. Scientifically oriented
2. Focuses on structured programming

C

1. Structured programming
2. General purpose programming
3. Procedural language

 

Advantages of HLL
1. User friendly
2. Easier to learn
3. They are easier to maintain
4. Machine independent
5. Requires less time to write

 

Disadvantages of HLL
1. They are slow to execute as compared to machine language
2. They are not memory efficient

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