CYBER SECURITY AWARENESS MEANING OF CYBERSECURITY – CYBER SECURITY THREATS (SS1)
CYBER SECURITY AWARENESS
MEANING OF CYBERSECURITY – CYBER SECURITY
THREATS - VIRUSES, PHISHING AND SPOOFING, RANSOMWARE, PASSWORD ATTACK, INSIDER
THREATS, DDOS (DISTRIBUTED
DENIAL OF SERVICE)
INTRODUCTION
Cyber security
awareness teaches people how to stay safe while using computers, mobile phones,
and the internet. Many cyber-attacks succeed because users are not careful or
informed.
MEANING OF
CYBERSECURITY
Cyber security is the practice of protecting computers,
mobile phones, networks, and data from unauthorized access, attacks, or damage.
It helps to:
(i) Protect personal information
(ii) Prevent data loss
(iii) Keep systems working properly
CYBER SECURITY
THREATS
A cyber security threat is any
action or program that tries to harm a computer system, steal data, or disrupt
services. Common cyber security threats are:
(a) viruses
(b) Phishing and Spoofing
(c) Ransomware
(d) Password Attacks
(e) Insider Threats
(f) DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)
(g) Cyber bullying
(a) Viruses
A computer virus is a harmful
program that:
- Attaches itself to files or software
- Spreads from one computer to another
- Can delete files or slow down systems
Examples:
- Virus from infected flash drives
- Downloading pirated software
Prevention:
- Use antivirus software
- Avoid unknown downloads
(b) Phishing and
Spoofing
Phishing is when attackers trick users into giving
personal information by pretending to be a trusted person or organization.
Spoofing is when attackers fake emails, websites, or
phone numbers to look real.
Examples:
- Fake bank messages
- Emails asking for passwords
Prevention:
- Do not click suspicious links
- Verify messages before responding
(c) Ransomware
Ransomware is a type of attack where:
- Files are locked or encrypted
- The attacker demands money (ransom) to
unlock them
Effects:
- Loss of access to files
- Financial loss
Prevention:
- Regular data backup
- Avoid unknown email attachments
(d) Password
Attacks
A password attack happens when
hackers try to:
- Guess passwords
- Use stolen passwords
- Break weak passwords
Examples:
- Using simple passwords like “1234”
- Reusing the same password everywhere
Prevention:
- Use strong passwords
- Do not share passwords
(e) Insider
Threats
An insider threat comes from:
- People within an organization
- Employees or students misusing access
Examples:
- Sharing login details
- Deleting important data intentionally
Prevention:
- Limit access rights
- Monitor system usage
(f) DDoS
(Distributed Denial of Service)
A DDoS attack happens when:
- Many computers attack a website at once
- The website becomes slow or unavailable
Effects:
- Website crashes
- Online services stop working
Prevention:
- Use firewalls
- Network traffic monitoring
(g) Cyberbullying:
This is harassment or bullying
using digital devices.
Examples:
· Threatening messages
· Online insults· Low self-esteem and loss of confidence
· Loss of interest in school or activities
· Poor
academic performance
Prevention of Cyberbullying
· Protect
Personal Information -Do not share passwords
· Report
cyberbullying to the school authorities
· Do
not handle cyberbullying alone
· Do
Not Respond to Bullies
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